Thermo Riko's GA198 - 1kW Atmospheric Quartz guided Infrared heater was used to heat up catalyst particles in a 400μm diameter capillary at Diamond Light Source to image their structure during operating conditions. Direct measurement of the temperature was a challenge since an internal thermocouple would interfere with the X-ray signal, and may also influence the measuring of the catalytic activity. This was overcome by calibrating the heater-sample distance using a second reference thermocouple in place of the catalyst sample. Once calibration was confirmed, the sample was loaded and the operating temperature of 800 °C successfully controlled to enable the X-ray measurements.
Heater alignment: